Irish Surname - Genealogy
Those researching specific Irish surnames may find this list of webpages useful. If you are interested in genealogy or family history and your family originated from or passed through Ireland, this is a good place to be looking. You may find some valuable information or just find someone with an interest in the same surname. I'll call these surname links . Sometimes the pages deal with specific families. Sometimes they are for everyone concerned with the surname. I am trying to compile links to those pages for Irish families. I'll try to be inclusive, we may think of a name as being English, Scots, or even German. But if some of those folks passed through Ireland, you may find a link here. These family websites may help you in your search.
If a link here doesn't work or you have a problem with it, let me know. If you know of a page suitable for inclusion which I missed, let me know that too. ( I do want to hear from you if you have such a page.) I'll try to keep this current but that only works if you let me know of problems, changes of address, and more pages that should be added.
Be sure to look for variations on the name you want. Sometimes it's an obvious set like, Connor, Connors, and O'Connor. Or it could be trickier, like Egan, Eagan, MacEgan, Keagan, Keegan, and Hagan. Or how about Gow, McGowan, and Smith?
You might also try a search of the internet . A search with your surname of interest might turn up something interesting. Be creative with your searching a try pairing the name with places or terms such as genealogy, family, or history . Genealogy pages, even online schools databases, may help with your search. Since search engines differ, it will be to your advantage to try several.
Look for the unexpected!
Due to my family's Munster origin, I was especially interested in reading Clan Kennedy's page on Dál gCais origins. Sometimes it is useful to look at names you are not searching as people often have information about other families. I guess my point is that you can pick up some useful information by reading webpages that at first glance may not seem to really apply to you. So look around!
Also if you want, please have a look at my General Irish links or other pages listed in the menu above.
Nearly all of these are external links and will open a new window or tab with most browsers. But if you'll be leaving this site, bookmark it before you go!
My Search page
Use my Search Page if you don't find anything below or if you just want to look for more. The search page opens in a new tab or window but my "Irish Surnames Links" page remains open in case you want to return.
Irish Surname websites
- alphabetical listing
- Abraham also Kinane/Kinnane Kahy, and McGroarty
- Adair
- Adair
- Adams
- Adams
- Adderley
- Affleck
- Ahern(e) many links and resources
- Ahern
- Ahern of Tournafulla
- Allan Allen Ulster Scots-Irish
- Allen
- Alford
- Allingham
- Anderson anderson-genealogy.net
- Anderson
- Anderson
- Anderson
- Anglin from Ireland to Canada
- Annis Family Association
- Archer also Corrigan and Shields
- Arney where?
- Arthur
- Arthur - see McArthur
- Armstrong
- Armstrong
- Win the Trip of a Lifetime to your Family's Homeland at Ancestry.com
>
Get 25% Off Family Tree Maker 2012 at Ancestry.com
Buy Kaspersky Internet Security and get $10 off your total order, plus FREE tax software!- Baalam
- Bailey, Bayley, etc
- Bailey
- Bailey
- Bales - see Boyd and Bales
- Preorder Downton Abbey and receive a $5 eGift Card at BN.com!
- Bales
- Balfe
- Barber Irish, other
- Barnhard
- Barlow
- Barlow The Ireland Page
- Barnwell
- Barrett
- Barrett list of sites at Rootsweb
- Barrett A Blog
- Baxter and many other families in SE US
- Beal
- Beaty
- Beaty
- Banfield
- Bell
- Bell
- Blennerhassett
- Blennerhassett
- Blommer
- Blood Family also Gabbett, Annesley, Brew, Adams
- Bodkin Galway history
- Boland
- Bomford
- Bowes and variants One Name Study
- Bowles
- Boyd Clan Boyd.org
- Boyd Clan Boyd International
- Boyd
- Boyd and Bales
- Boylan
- Boyle
- Boyle
- Boyle
- Boyle
- Brady
- Brady and Cooper
- Brady
- Brady Western Australia
- Brannan Brennan Family History
- Bratton
- Bratton
- Breakey
- Brennan
- Brennan
- Brennan History and Name variants
- Brennan
- Brosnaham Brosnahan
- Brick
- Brien - see O'Brien and McBrien
- Bulger Bolger
- Bulger
- Burke
- Burke History - Wild Geese
- Burns Monaghan Co to South Philly
- Burns
- Butler
- Butler Society
- Byrne Clan
- O' Byrne
- Byrne / Burns and Carr; origin Kilcar, Donegal
- Try Ancestry.com and get 14 Days FREE!
- Cahill
- Callan
- Callaghan
- Calvert Calvert,Colbert, Colvert, etc
- Callaghan
- Callaghan
- Caplice
- Cannon and related names
- Carey careyirish.com
- Carey careyroots.com
- Carey and similar names
- Carr and O'Keeffe
- Carr and Nelson
- Carr
- Carr Surname DNA Genealogy Project
- Carr Carr Family Website
- Caraher, O'Carragher, Mac Carraher
- Carraher
- Carroll (Clan Cian Online)
- Carroll O'Carroll Family History
- (O')Carroll
- Carroll Blog
- Carroll Charles Carroll of Carrollton
- Casey
- Cash
- Cash also McConnon, Sullivan, O'Connell, Callahan, Howard, and Riordan
- Cassidy Family (Donegal)
- Cassidy Clan
- Clancy
- Chambers Scotland, England, Ireland, France
- Chapman Chapman Family Association
- Clancy
- Clancy Clancy History
- The Clampett Family Centre
- Clark
- Clerkin/MacClerken/O'Clerkin
- Cleary Clark
- Coleman
- Coleman
- Collins Cork to Chicago
- Collins
- Collins
- Collins
- Colls of Castlerea
- Combs Coombs
- Condon
- Condley
- Conlon
- Conley
- Conlon
- ConnellIreland to MD to Ohio
- Conroy
- Conway
- Conway
- Conway and Duffy
- Conway
- Colbert
- Coll
- Cooney
- Coogan other surnames: Bryan Byrne Dixon Doyle Quinn Maher McMahon Meany Nolan Sheehan
- Corbett
- Corrigan also Archer and Shields
- Corrigan a blog
- Corrigan Genealogy of Corrigan Clans
- Coughlan also O'DONOGHUE
- Coughlan also Garber Mahoney Maver Murray
- Courtenay
- Cowan
- Cowan
- Cowan Clan United
- Coyan
- Coyle
- Coyle
- Coyne also Rowe and Winslow
- Coyne
- Cregan and variant spellings such as Creegan and Craigen
- Croom Groom etc probably Irish
- Cronin includes list of researchers
- Cronin from Cork
- Cronin and Ogden
- Crowley
- Culbert COLBERT, CUTHBERT,CUTHBERTSON, CULBERTSON, etc
- Crabtrees Irish
- Cryan/Crean/Crehan
- Cregan - Craigen and Variants
- Culhane or Cullen
- Cullen
- Cullen
- Cullen
- Cunningham
- Curley- Monahan to PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND
- Curry
- Curry- Greer, Curry and Hall
- Curtin Curtin Clan Association
- Cusack
- Cusack
- Cusack of Co Cavan
- Cushing also Quishian, Cushen and Cussen
- Try Ancestry.com and get 14 Days FREE!
- Daly
- Danaher Danaher Family Tree website, Limerick
- Darmody/Dermody
- Davison Northern Ireland Tandragee
- Day, Dea, O'Dea Dysert O'Dea Clan Association
- Delaney
- Dennehy (and Tracy)
- Dennison Denniston several more Donegal and Antrim Names
- Denny and Loftis
- Devlin McKennas, Boyles, O'Reillys, O'Callaghans, Collins, Mackrell, Kane, Moore, Dinsmore
- Dickson
- Dill links to many families
- (O')Doherty
- Donegan
- Donley
- (O) Donnell
- Donnelan
- Donnely
- O'Donoghue O'Donoghue Society
- Dore Door Dorr
- Doran Surnames of Co. Down
- Dorsey D'Arcy Darcy
- Dowd
- Dowley Tinvmne Dowley
- Dowling Dowling, Doolan, Dooling or other variation
- Doyle Au
- Doyle
- Doyle World Connect Tree
- Driscoll of Cork
- (O) Driscoll Clan
- (O) Driscoll
- Duffy
- Duffy
- Duffy - see Conway and Duffy
- Duggan Dugan Dougan
- DUNGAN
- Dunne (Dunn)
- Clan Dunne (Dunn)
- Durick O Durick, O Dowricke, Durack, Durik, Darrick, Devery, O Divirick, Dever
- Dwyer / O'Dwyer dwyerclan.com
- Dwyer / O'Dwyer
- Dwyer
- Ebrill
- Egan - Australia
- Egan
- McElmeel
- Enright
- Ewing Family Association
- Ewing links
- Eyre One Name Study
- Fagan Clan Fagan
- Fagan
- Fagan, Fegan, Fagin, Feagan, etc
- Fahey Clan Irish Gathering
- Fahey Australia from Ireland
- Fanning, Fannin, Ryan, Sheehan, Darmody, Eviston, Fogarty, Collins
- Farley and Hass
- Farley Five Centuries of the Farley Family
- Farrell Clan
- Farrell
- Farrell
- Faughnan
- Feeney
- Fergusons of Ireland
- Fergusons
- Fergusons Antrim to Scotland
- Finan
- Finan Finan Society
- Finnerty
- Finnigan
- Finucane
- Finucane New Zealand
- Fitzgerald
- Fitzgerald Valley-Fitzgerald
- FitzPatrick
- FitzPatrick Mac Giolla Phádraig Clan
- Fitzgerald of Kilkenny
- Fitzsimons, Fitzsymon, Fitzsimmons, Fitzsimmonds, etc,
- Flanagan
- Clan Flanagan
- Flanagans of Quincy, Illinois
- Flannery Flannery Clan
- Flannery
- Flemming
- Flemming
- Flood
- Flynn
- Flynn
- Foley
- Fox
- Fraser Scots of Northern Ireland
- Frazer Scots of Northern Ireland
- French Family Assoc. the surname in Ireland
- Frost Descendants of Solomon Frost
- Furey Furey/Fury Clan
- Gahagan (Goaghan, Geoghegan, Goghan, Gaughan)
- Gahan
- Gallagher - Ó Gallchóbhair or Ó Gallachóir One Name Study
- Gallagher
- Gallagher Gallagher History
- Gallagher Gallagher Surname Resource Center
- (O)Gara
- Garvey
- Gavaghan
- Geoghegan
- Geoghegan
- Geraghty Reunion
- Geraghty Monaro Pioneer
- Geraghty Gerragty Garrity Irish Genealogy .com
- Geraghty Galway Mayo border
- Gilligan
- Gilmartin
- Gilmore Rockbridge County, Virginia
- Gilmore Gilmour blog
- Glisson
- Goggin
- Golden and Langdan, family history in Ballycastle area in the NE Co Mayo
- Goonan
- Gordan New South Wales, Australia
- Gorman also Doran, Pomfret, Doyle
- Gorman referenced by site directly above
- Gorman
- Gorman of Saginaw and Ingham Counties, Michigan
- Gough
- Gough Goff
- (Mc)Gough, Magoo McGeough, McGeogh, Magough, Mageough, Mageogh
- Gow - see McGowan, Smith
- (O)Grady Canada also Mara, (O)Meara
- Graney (O) GREANEY MacGRANE
- Gray
- Gray
- Gray
- Greaney
- Green
- Greer
- Greer
- Greer
- Greer, Curry and Hall
- GREER mostly Co Tyrone
- GREER Co Down
- GREER
- GREER Magheragal, Antrim, Northern Ireland and Tyrone
- Griffin
- Griffin
- Hackett
- Hall- Greer, Curry and Hall
- Haggerty
- Haley
- Halloran
- Halpenny
- Handley
- Handley
- Hanifin
- Hanlon
- Hanlon
- Hanna Hannay etc
- Hannon Hannan
- Hamilton
- Harlan
- Harlan
- Harnett
- Harraghy
- Harrigan
- Harrigan
- Harrington Genealogy Association
- Harrington
- Harrington Co Cork
- Hartigan Family
- Hartigan Tree many other families
- Hassett
- Hayden (Maryland)
- Hayes Family many related families too
- Healy Clan
- Healy Family Network
- Heavener (no matter how the spelling has changed over the years)
- Heffernan Clan
- Heffernan
- Henneberry
- Henshaw Hinshaw
- Higgins of Glenravel, County Antrim
- Higgins
- (O') Higgins O'Higgins - Uí hUiginn Caln
- Higgins County Kerry
- Hishon
- Hoey
- Hoey
- Hooson
- Hogan
- Hogan
- Hogan
- Hughes & Related Families
- Humphrys Family Tree
- Hurley
- Hurley
- Hurt
- Hyland
- Hyland Monaro Pioneers (NSW, AU)
- Hynes
- Irwin Sinclair Genealogy
- Irwin
- Jack Mecklenburg County, N.C
- Jameson Scotland Ireland Pennsylvania
- Jameson Scotland Ireland New Hampshire
- Jennings
- Joyce The Maryland Joyce Project
- Joyce
- Joynt
- Kane
- Kavanagh Origins
- Kavanagh
- The Royal House of Leinster (MacMorrough Kavanagh)
- Keating
- Keating
- O'Keefe
- O'Keefe
- Keelan
- Keener
- Kelleher
- Kellet
- Kelly
- Kelly
- Kelly
- Kelly
- Kelley/Kelly
- Kenefick Kenefick family histories
- Clan Kennedy
- Kennedy Surname Site
- Kenny, McKinny, etc
- Kenny
- Kenny Family Tree
- Keough
- Keough
- Kiley DNA project
- (O)Killeen, Killian,MacKilleen
- Kilroy
- Kinane / Kinnane, Cunnene also Kahy, Abraham and McGroarty
- Kinney Kenny Irish roots
- Kinsella
- Kirkpatrick
- Knight Philadelphia, Ireland, France
- Knowles knowlesclan.org
- Lamb
- Lambert family (and its derivatives like Lamberte, Lambart and Lamberton)
- Lambert Castle Ellen
- Landrigan
- Langdan and Golden, family history in Ballycastle area in the NE Co Mayo
- Laney
- Langan
- Larkin
- Larkin
- Lawlor Home Page
- (O')Leary
- (O')Leary
- Leddin of Ireland
- Lee Leigh Ley
- Leehan
- Lennan
- Leonard
- Lewis Surname DNA project
- Lewis
- Leyden
- Liggett
- Limbrick Limerick Derry mainly
- Lindsay Lindsey Lindsay International
- Liston worldwide one-name study
- Loftis and Denny
- Loftus
- Loughrey
- Lowary/Lowry
- Lowe Low Westmeath
- Lucey Lucy
- Lynch
- Lynch Cappamore, County Limerick, Ireland
- Lynch Co Meath
- Lynch Co Meath same as above?
- Lynch
- Lynskey
- Lyons Family Book and Blog
- Madden Family History
- Madden Surname org
- Maddox World wide name study
- Madigan
- Madigan madigan-thompson Blog
- Magoo - see Gough, (Mc)Gough
- The Maguire Home Page
- Maguire
- Mahan
- Mahan also see McMahon
- The O'Mahony Society
- Mahony
- Magee - see McGee
- Magner
- Maher Meagher Mahar
- Mains from Co Fermanagh Ireland to Canada
- Maley
- Malone
- Malone
- Malone
- Maloney Maloney Family Association of Canada
- Malone(y) - also see Molone(y)
- Manning many possible origins
- Mannion Manion Manning also Coffay Coyle
- Martin
- Martin Co Down
- Martin Co Donegal
- Martin House of Martin Worldwide
- Martin Family History Society
- Maude County Wexford, Ireland
- Maybry, Maybury, etc
- Mc/Mac - see section immediately following
- O’Meara Meara Mara Canada - several families from Ottawa Valley
- Meek/Meeks DNA project
- Meehan
- Meehan Mehan, Meighan, Meighen, Mehen, Mahan
- Meehan ORIGINS OF THE MEEHAN SURNAME
- Mick
- Mick of Micksburg Canada
- Moffat
- Moffat Scotland to Ireland
- Molone
- Molone
- Molony Malony
- Molony
- Monahan
- Montague Montague Millennium surname information
- Montague Montague Millennium Homepage
- Montague Family Association
- Moore AUSTRALIA
- Moores of Moorehall
- Moran McMoran Morin etc
- Moran
- Moran
- Moran
- Morgan
- Morgan
- Moriarty
- Morris
- Morrow
- Morrow Ireland to New Zealand
- Moylan
- Moynihan of Cahirbarnagh
- Murnane
- Murphy
- Murray
- Clan Murray Society of North America
- Murray and Irish links
- Murray Online
- McArthur
- McArthur
- McArthur
- McAteer/McTeer
- Clan McAuley many variants McCawley, McGauley, McCowley, Gawley, etc.
- MacAulay
- McAuliffe Clan McAuliffe
- McBrien Lough Erne region, Ireland
- McBrien Canada
- McCall McCall-Thompson family of South Portland, Maine
- McCaskie
- McCabe
- McCarthy/McCarty
- MacCarthy West Cork History
- Clan MacCarthy Society
- DESMOND AND MARY MACCARTHY PAPERS (LILLY LIBRARY)
- Tillman W. McCarty Family
- McCarty also McNamara, Madden, Lane and others
- McCartney Journeys in Genealogy
- McCausland
- McCausland
- McClure
- McClure
- McComb
- McConkey
- McConville Genealogy
- McCormick Family
- McCullar (Antrim)
- McCullough
- McCutchan
- MacDermot Clan Association Homepage
- McElroy Ontario
- McElroy Ontario
- McELROY FAMILY
- McFall-McFaul
- McFerran McPherrin Family Genealogy Resources
- McFerran William, Co Antrim
- McGonigle Donegal to Ohio
- McGonigle Ireland to Philadelphia
- McGowan MacGowan Smith
- McGee, McGhee, Magee, etc Ireland, Scotland, DNA
- McGee Beach-McGee Family Web Site
- McGlamery Blog
- McGirr variants: MacGirr, MaGirr, McGarr, McGerr, McGhirr, McGurr, Girr, Short, Shortt
- McHale
- McILroy and other surnames
- McIlRoy Scotland Ireland Pennsylvania
- McIlvaine Mon Valley Biographies
- McIntyre
- McKay Antrim
- McKee
- McKinneys Of Summer Hill
- McKusick
- McLaughlin
- McLaughlin
- McLaughlin of Donegal
- McLaughlin general Irish resources
- McMahon - A Tale of Two Clans
- McMahon
- McMahon County Monahan and more - Kingdom of Oriel
- McMenamin County Tyrone
- The Royal House of Leinster (MacMorrough Kavanagh)
- McNabb lots of McNabb links
- MacNamara History -includes reprinted book with 1500 years of family history
- MacNamara
- McNamara
- McNally
- McNerney Australia
- McNerney also Winkler, Long
- McNulty
- McSoley/McSorley
- McTiernan, Carney, McGrail & Byrne
- Nagle
- Nash / Naish
- Navin / Nevin
- Naughton
- Naughton
- Neely
- Neff Cunniff, Conneff, Coneffe, Kinniff, MacNiff, etc”
- Nelson and Carr
- Nolan
- Nolan
- Nolan nolanfamilies.org
- Noonan
- Norton Naughton
- Odlum
- Ogden - see Cronin and Ogden
- O'BRIEN
- O'BRIEN Clan
- O'BRIEN
- O'BRIEN
- O'BRIEN - includes reprinted rare family history book from the year 1860 with 1700 years of family history
- Carr and O'Keeffe Families
- O'Connor HelensFamilyTrees - many Irish names
- O'Dea, O'Day, O'Dee, Dea, Day or Dee Dysert O’Dea Clan
- O'Hara genealogy and others
- O'Meara Clan
- O'Neill Clans
- O'Neill - The Ancient and Royal Family of O'Neill
- O'Rourke -see Rourke
- Otway
- Perry Irish Perrys
- Pigott
- Pigott early USA
- Pigott blog, includes Irish Piggots
- Pigott blog, includes Irish Piggots-Queens Co, Dublin
- Power
- Powers Genealogy
- Prentice
- Pritchard
- Quigley also Mescall (Maskell), Cooney, Sheppard, Hyland, Maher, Cullen
- Quigley
- Quinane see Kinnane
- Quinlan
- Quinlivan and Reidy
- Quinn O'Cuinn - meaning descendants of Conn
- Raffery Family
- Raffery of Tennessee
- O'Rahilly
- Clan (O) Reagan
- Reardon Family
- Redden
- Redden Maryland
- REIDY Includes READY, REEDY, RIEDY, REDDY, and other variants
- Reidy Clan
- Reidy and Quinlivan
- Reidy and O' Sullivan
- Thompson/Reidy
- Reidy John Reidy - Clare to Elmira NY
- O'Reilly Doon, Limerick
- Reilly James Reilly of Cavan, Ireland
- Roarty
- Roche
- Roch(e) Roach(e)
- Roche blog
- Roche Co Cork, Ireland
- Roche WP Blog
- Rock
- Roe
- Ross
- Ross DNA Project
- Rossiter
- Rossiter
- Roulstone England and Ireland
- O'Rourke
- O'Rourke
- Rumsey
- Rush
- Russell County Donegal, Ireland
- Ryan
- Scully Walton & Scully Family Gallery
- Seay
- Shanahan
- Shanahan
- Shannon
- O'SHAUGHNESSY
- O'SHAUGHNESSY Society
- O'SHAUGHNESSY
- O'Shea
- O'Shea
- Sheedy
- Sheehan
- Shields also Corrigan and Archer
- Shiels also Sheils, Sheals, Sheills, O’Siadhail - Cavan, Ireland to Australia & New Zealand
- Shinnick
- Shunick Cork
- Sinton
- Skarratt
- Sloan
- Spearin
- Smiddy
- Clan Smith Scottish or Scots-Irish
- Smith (from MacGowan or 'son of the smith')
- Smithwick
- Smith - see Blood family
- Snoddy and Sloan, Byler
- Somers (mostly in Ireland)
- Sproule
- Sullivan
- Sutton
- Swanton more surnames
- Sweeney
- (Mac) Sweeney Doe Clan
- Switzer(Palatine)
- Switzer (Palatine)
- Taggart
- Talbot of Kerry
- Teskey
- Tierney blog, also McCue, Kennedy, O'Neill, Rogers
- Tierney Clan includes DNA project
- Toomey (Twomey)
- Toomey
- Tormey
- Towey and Tuohy, Touey, Touy, Towy, Toey, Tooey, Toohey, Touhey,Towhey, Toowey, Twohy, Twohey, Tuffy and Tully
- Tracey,Tracy, Treacy, etc. origins, history and genealogy
- Tracy (and Dennehy )
- Tracy/Tracey Maryland
- Trehy and variants (Trahey, Treahy, etc.)
- Traynor
- Vallely Ulster and Scotland: MacGiolla, MacIlVallely
- Waldron Clan
- Waldron
- Wall
- Walker
- Walsh
- Walton Walton & Scully Family Gallery
- Wolfe
- Woulfe
- Wynn(e)
- Wynn(e)
- Young
- Young Scotland
- Young DNA project Scotland
For names beginning with O', things are a bit trickier. Sometimes they are here and other times they could be listed without the O'.
General
- Irish family names
- Origin of and evolution of Irish names
- Rootsweb Surname Resources Not just Irish surnames but a great place to look
- Tiara list of Member Surnames
- Irish Surnames and County of Origin
- Irish Surnames and Origin
- Irish Surname Groups
- Census Finder Irish Surnames
- Ulster Ancestry Irish Surnames
- An Atlas of Irish Names (A project at the National University of Ireland, Cork).
- GenForumAssociated with FamilyTreeMaker, they run surname query boards including, but not restricted to, Irish names.
- The Guild of One-Name Studies
- Surname web Information and links on many surnames.
- ClansandNames Similar surname query boards for several Irish names.
- Clans of Ireland
- Info on Scot-Irish (Ulster Scots)
- Dál gCais or The Dalcassian Sept
- Irish Clans on the World Wide Web It is a page about Doyles but if you page down a little, there is a fine collection of links to Irish Clans.
- John Barrett Robb, Family Historian Much Irish, Scottish and early US info
- WikiTree Not all Irish but many Irish Names are there.
- dunhamwilcox.net Nice site and searchable - some Irish Names are there.
- The Kane Ancestral Map Of Ireland These folks sell a map which has location (17th century) and other information on many Irish families. It sounds interesting but I've not seen the map myself.
Surname Variation - General
- Irish Surname Discussion Jane Lyons has a very interesting discussion on this.
- THE DISTORTION OF OUR SURNAMES from Marist.edu
- Surname Changes & Variations from About.com
- Irish Surname Distortions
- Irish Surname Distortions
- The Distortion of Irish Surnames
- Surname Changes
Practice Safe Hex
If your computer is on the internet (and yours is if you are looking at this), you need to be careful that it is not infected with viruses, spyware, and so forth. Because computer programs often use hexadecimal numbers this of often called "safe hex". But it no laughing matter to have your computer compromised. Many of us depend on running a computer program to give us safety. Over the years, I trusted several computers to several anti-virus, anti-spyware and firewall programs. Be safe.